INTRODUCTION The U.S. Constitution provides fundamental rights to individuals in the Bill of Rights. Though these were not embodied in the original Constitution, they were inserted in the shape of the first ten amendments. The Bill of Rights, i.e. the first ten amendments, was proposed in 1789 and ratified in 1791. FREEDOM OF RELIGION, … Read more
INTRODUCTION The Supreme Court of the USA has the power of judicial review and declares any law passed by Congress as null and void if it Contradicts the provisions of the Constitution. The Constitution has not expressly given this power to it, but the Supreme Court has acquired it through its interpretations of the Constitution. … Read more
INTRODUCTION The Supreme Court is the third branch of the federal government. The judiciary consists of a system of Courts headed by the Supreme Court and including subordinate courts throughout the country. The judicial system in the USA is unique in several ways. It was the first federal system in the world. COMPOSITION OF … Read more
PREFACE The ideology of Pakistan, in reality, is the Ideology of Islam. The life of any Nation is subject to either human Ideology or metaphysical Ideology. An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order when fundamental societal changes threaten their status and the prevailing Ideology no longer … Read more
PREFACE The ideology of Pakistan, in reality, is the ideology of Islam. The life of any Nation is subject to either human ideology or metaphysical ideology. An idealogy emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in society, and when … Read more
PREFACE The Ideology of Pakistan, in reality, is the Ideology of Islam. The life of any Nation is subject to either human Ideology or metaphysical Ideology. An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order when fundamental societal changes threaten their status and the prevailing Ideology no longer … Read more
PREFACE The two-nation theory was the basis of the struggle to create Pakistan, which held that Hindus and Muslims are separate nations. Even though they have lived together for centuries, they did not forget their cultures and civilization. In Kitab ul Hind, Alberuni has said, “The two societies, Hindus and Muslims, are like two streams … Read more
PREFACE Sheikh Ahmad Al Farooq Sirhindi, commonly known as Mujaddid Alif Sani, was an Indian Islamic scholar and prominent member of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. He is regarded as having rejuvenated Islam, due to which he is commonly known as “Mujdid Alf Thani”. It means the reviver of the second millennium, referring to the Islamic … Read more
PREFACE In the British government, the candle of Islam was about to blow off in the presence of Hinduism, Christianity, and Sikhism. Still, Shah Waliullah dedicated his life to promoting Islam’s teachings and giving a new Islamic way of life. He made numerous efforts to put an end to the Sikh and Christian religions way. … Read more
INTRODUCTION Law is a set of rules and regulations a society creates to govern people’s behaviour and maintain order. It provides guidelines on how individuals should act and interact with one another and the consequences for violating those rules. The law helps to ensure fairness, protect rights, and resolve disputes. It applies to various aspects … Read more
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