Introduction When one of the contracting parties refuses or fails to perform his part or obligation which he has promised to perform, is a breach of contract. A breach may be one by non-performance, by repudiation, or by both. Every breach gives rise to a claim for damages & may also give rise to other … Read more
Introduction International law, often referred to as the law of nations or public international law, is a multifaceted and dynamic field of law that governs relations between states and other international actors. It is a fundamental framework that regulates interactions at the global level, encompassing issues ranging from diplomacy and human rights to armed conflict … Read more
INTRODUCTION Theft, liable to Hadd is included in The Offences Against Property (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance, 1979. It is the modification of the existing laws against property in order to bring the commission of certain offences within the injunctions of Islam. It is also known as Sarka. RELEVANT PROVISIONS Sections 4 to 14 of … Read more
Introduction Indemnity means a promise to save another harmless from loss caused as a result of a transaction entered into the instance of the promisor. On the other hand, a contract of Guarantee is a contract to perform the promise or discharge the liability of a third person in case of his default. Both terms … Read more
INTRODUCTION Qazf is accusing falsely a virtuous man or woman of adultery. The right of reputation is a sacred right and is well preserved by the Quran which casts a duty on the person against whom a false case of adultery or commission of Zina has been brought to bring to the direct action of … Read more
Introduction An agency is a relationship between two parties in business dealings in which one person acts as a representative to the other. The purpose is to create contractual relations between the other and the third person. An agency can be created to perform any act which the creator of the agency himself could lawfully … Read more
INTRODUCTION The offences regarding drinking are covered in Prohibition (Enforcement of Hadd) Order, 1979. Drinking is the taking of any kind of intoxicant. Normally, drinking results in unconsciousness so it is prohibited in Islam. RELEVANT PROVISIONS Articles 6 to 13 of the Prohibition (Enforcement of Hadd) order, 1979 Cross Reference. Article 203C of the … Read more
Introduction Bailment is such a relationship between two parties in which the personal property of one party goes into the possession of another party temporarily. A few examples of bailment include delivering a car, mobile, watch, or other valuable items to some friends. Delivering gold to a goldsmith for making ornaments, and delivering garments to … Read more
Introduction Unpaid Sellers are dealt with in Chapter V of the Sale of Goods Act 1930. In a contract of sale, the seller is always under an obligation to deliver the goods and the buyer has to pay for it. If the buyer does not pay for it, the seller will be known as an … Read more
Introduction All the transactions relating to a business taking place between buyers and sellers are governed by the Sale of Goods Act 1930. It was initially a part of the Contract Act of 1872. But was later repealed and transformed into a separate law that governed contracts of sale. Section 4 of the Sale of … Read more
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